THE ENERGY MIX AND CLIMATE CHANGE (two IEA scenarios)
To cap temperature increases caused by atmospheric CO2 resulting from electricity production at 2
degree Celsius
, Alstom offers a multi-stage strategy:
develop a portfolio of technologies with an expanded role for carbon-free energies,
boost energy yields for all power plants, regardless of energy source,
optimise the use of energy produced by managing power transmission effectively,
capture and store the CO2 generated by power plants – because reducing carbon output is only the first step.
| Coal | Oil | Gas | Nuclear | Hydro | Biomass | Wind | Geothermal | Photovoltaic solar | Solar tower | Offshore renewables | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 42% | 5% | 21% | 14% | 16% | 1% | 1% | ||||
| Current energy policy scenario2030 | 43% | 2% | 21% | 11% | 14% | 2% | 5% | 1% | 1% | + 6 degree Celsius |
|
| Alternative scenario2030 | 20% | 1% | 20% | 19% | 19% | 5% | 11% | 1% | 2% | 2% | + 2 degree Celsius |
ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 EMISSIONS by sector worldwide
| Electricity and heat | 41% |
|---|---|
| Transport: (rail accounts for 0.5% of this total) | 23% |
| Industry | 20% |
| Other (business, public services, farming, forestry, fishing) | 10% |
| Residential (excluding electricity) | 6% |
(Source: CO2 Emissions from fuel combustion 2009 edition, International Energy Agency)
CO2 EMISSIONS IN 2008FROM POWER GENERATIONby fuel type
| Coal | 73% |
|---|---|
| Oil | 7% |
| Gas | 20% |
(Source: International Energy Agency 2010)
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY TYPE OF TRANSPORTin the 27 countries of the EU in 2007
| Civil aviation | 12.5% |
|---|---|
| Road | 70.9% |
| Shipping | 15.3% |
| Rail | 0.7% |
| Other | 0.6% |
(Source: European Environment Agency 2010)
Solutions that limit greenhouse gas emissions
Expand intracity and intercity rail transport to limit CO2 emissions from road transport,
Expand very high-speed rail to limit CO2 emissions from air transport.